Razor-Etched Karmas: Decoding the Legal Codices of the Chola Merchant Guilds

Newly restored copper plates from the 10th century reveal intricate contract clauses between Chola merchants and South Indian Jain communities, detailing penalties for breach of faith in trade deals. These documents provide the earliest empirical evidence of structured religious tolerance in pre-British Indian commerce, contradicting narratives of perpetual communal hostility.

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