The Epistemological Ambit of 'Gaṇa' in Early Tantric Networks

Modern scholastic attempts to map individual mystics onto Buddhist saṃgha structures obscure the distinct legal and ontological status of the Tantric gaṇa. By analyzing the ritual thresholds described in the Kularnava-tantra, we uncover a sophisticated framework for intermediate authority that predates and diverges from monastic hierarchy.

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