atho - rvaśiṣṭhād - api - tad - vicitya - dhīro - na - parihartum - arḥasi

dhīro (you, being wise) atho (even) rvaśiṣṭhād (from Rishi) api (as well) tad (that) vicitya (having understood) na (not) parihartum (to discard) arḥasi (you are entitled)

Advaita Vedānta (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya): In his commentary on the Bhagavad Gītā, Ādi Śaṅkarācārya emphasizes the importance of self-inquiry and the pursuit of knowledge. This verse, 'atho rvaśiṣṭhād api tad-vicitya dhīro na parihar tumarḥasi,' underscores the need for a wise person to examine and understand the nature of reality, ultimately leading to the realization of the brahman-ātman identity. Shankara's reasoning on this verse is rooted in the concept of avidyā, or ignorance, which obscures our understanding of the ultimate reality. By examining the teachings of great sages like Rvaśiṣṭha, one can gain insight into the non-dual nature of reality, thereby transcending the limitations of the individual self. This verse thus serves as a call to introspection and the pursuit of wisdom, guiding the seeker towards the realization of the ultimate truth. Shankara's commentary on the Gītā highlights the significance of this verse in the broader context of the text, emphasizing the importance of discernment and wisdom in the spiritual journey. Through this verse, Shankara encourages the seeker to engage in a deep examination of the teachings, leading to a profound understanding of the nature of reality and the self.

Vaiṣṇava tradition (Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya): The Vaiṣṇava tradition, as represented by Rāmānujācārya and Madhvācārya, interprets this verse as an exhortation to the devotee to carefully examine and understand the teachings of the scriptures and the great sages. The verse 'atho rvaśiṣṭhād api tad-vicitya dhīro na parihar tumarḥasi' is seen as a reminder of the importance of devotion and surrender to Īśvara, the supreme lord. Rāmānujācārya's commentary on the Gītā emphasizes the relationship between the jīva (individual self) and Īśvara, highlighting the importance of prapatti, or surrender, as a means of realizing one's true nature. Madhvācārya, on the other hand, stresses the role of bhakti, or devotion, in achieving liberation. This verse is seen as a call to the devotee to carefully consider the teachings of the scriptures and the great sages, and to cultivate devotion and surrender as a means of realizing one's true relationship with Īśvara. The Vaiṣṇava tradition thus interprets this verse as a practical guide for the devotee, emphasizing the importance of devotion, surrender, and self-inquiry in the spiritual journey.

Neo-Vedānta (Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan): Swami Vivekānanda and S. Rādhākrishnan, key figures in the Neo-Vedānta movement, interpret this verse as a call to action, encouraging individuals to examine their own lives and the world around them. The verse 'atho rvaśiṣṭhād api tad-vicitya dhīro na parihar tumarḥasi' is seen as a reminder of the importance of self-awareness, discernment, and wisdom in navigating the challenges of modern life. In his lectures and writings, Vivekānanda emphasizes the need for individuals to cultivate their inner strength and wisdom, drawing on the teachings of the great sages and scriptures. Rādhākrishnan, similarly, highlights the importance of integrating spiritual values into daily life, citing this verse as an example of the practical wisdom offered by the Bhagavad Gītā. This verse is thus seen as a universal message, encouraging individuals to engage in self-reflection, to cultivate wisdom and discernment, and to apply these qualities in their daily lives. By examining the teachings of the great sages and scriptures, individuals can gain a deeper understanding of themselves and the world, and cultivate the wisdom and strength needed to navigate the complexities of modern life.

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