Na tvahaṁ kāmaye rāgaḥ śokaśca mahato bhayam । Nāhaṁ lobhāyate caina na ca mohāyate matiḥ ॥ 132 ॥
“I do not desire attachment, nor sorrow, nor great fear, nor does my intellect get corrupted by greed or delusion.”
Structure
Na - tvahaṁ - kāmaye - rāgaḥ - śokaḥ - ca - mahato - bhayam - Nāhaṁ - lobhāyate - caina - na - ca - mohāyate - matiḥ
Na (not) tvahaṁ (I) kāmaye (desire) rāgaḥ (attachment) śokaḥ (sorrow) ca (and) mahato (great) bhayam (fear)Nāhaṁ (not I) lobhāyate (am greedy) caina (and) na (not) ca (and) mohāyate (am deluded) matiḥ (my intellect)
Word-by-Word Grammar
| Word | IAST | Type | Grammar | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na | Na | indeclinable | — | not |
| tvahaṁ | tvahaṁ | pronoun | nominative · singular | you |
| kāmaye | kāmaye | verb | √kām · laṭ-present · first | I desire |
| rāgaḥ | rāgaḥ | noun | nominative · singular · masculine | attachment |
| śokaḥ | śokaḥ | noun | nominative · singular · masculine | grief |
| ca | ca | indeclinable | — | and |
| mahato | mahato | noun | genitive · singular · masculine | of great |
| bhayam | bhayam | noun | accusative · singular · neuter | fear |
| Nāhaṁ | Nāhaṁ | pronoun | nominative · singular | I not |
| lobhāyate | lobhāyate | verb | √lobh · laṭ-present · third | is greedy |
| caina | caina | indeclinable | — | and thus |
| na | na | indeclinable | — | not |
| ca | ca | indeclinable | — | and |
| mohāyate | mohāyate | verb | √moh · laṭ-present · third | is deluded |
| matiḥ | matiḥ | noun | nominative · singular · masculine | intellect |
Scholarly Commentary
Advaita Vedānta (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya): This verse underscores the non-dual reality by negating the attachments, sorrows, fears, and corruptions that veil the true nature of the Self. In his commentary on the Brahmasūtra, Śaṅkara explains that the ultimate reality, Brahman, is unattached and untouched by the ephemeral experiences of the world. This verse aligns with Śaṅkara's reasoning that the ātman, or individual self, is not separate from Brahman but is ultimately identical with it. By transcending desires, sorrows, and fears, one realizes this fundamental identity, leading to liberation. The emphasis on the corruption of the intellect by greed or delusion highlights the need for discernment and the pursuit of knowledge that reveals the true, unchanging nature of the Self, which is the core teaching of Advaita Vedānta.
Vaiṣṇava tradition (Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya): In the devotional context, this verse is seen as a reflection of the ideal relationship between the jīva (individual soul) and Īśvara (the Supreme Lord). Rāmānujācārya, in his commentary on the Bhagavad Gītā, emphasizes the importance of surrendering one's desires, attachments, and ego to achieve a state of divine love and service to the Lord. This verse can be interpreted as a prayer or a statement of intent to transcend the mundane and focus on the divine, underscoring the Vaiṣṇava principle of prapatti, or total surrender. The verse's mention of avoiding attachment, sorrow, and fear aligns with the Vaiṣṇava goal of achieving a state of pure love and devotion, untainted by worldly concerns, where the jīva finds solace and peace in the presence of Īśvara.
Neo-Vedānta (Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan): Swami Vivekānanda often emphasized the practical and universal application of Vedāntic principles in everyday life. This verse can be seen as a guide for living a balanced and fulfilling life. By letting go of attachment and desire (rāga), one avoids the inevitable sorrow (śoka) that follows when these desires are not met. The fear (bhayam) and corruption of the intellect by greed (lobha) or delusion (moha) hinder one's ability to see the world and themselves clearly. In his lectures, Vivekānanda taught that the path to freedom and happiness involves transcending these limitations, not by denying one's desires but by understanding their true nature and cultivating a higher sense of awareness and purpose. This verse, therefore, serves as a reminder of the importance of living mindfully and cultivating inner strength, resilience, and wisdom in the face of life's challenges.