Dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre tvayi śrutvā pāṇḍavāḥ
“Having heard your words, the Pāṇḍavas stand in the field of righteousness, Kurukṣetra.”
Structure
Dharma-kṣetre kuru-kṣetre tvayi śrutvā pāṇḍavāḥ
Pāṇḍavāḥ (the Pāṇḍavas) tvayi (in you) śrutvā (having heard) Dharma-kṣetre (in the field of Dharma) kuru-kṣetre (in the Kuru field)
Word-by-Word Grammar
| Word | IAST | Type | Grammar | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dharma-kṣetre | Dharma-kṣetre | compound | karmadhāraya · "Dharma-kṣetraṃ" | the field of righteousness |
| kuru-kṣetre | kuru-kṣetre | compound | karmadhāraya · "Kuru-kṣetraṃ" | the field of Kurus |
| tvayi | tvayi | pronoun | locative · singular | in you |
| śrutvā | śrutvā | indeclinable | — | having heard |
| pāṇḍavāḥ | pāṇḍavāḥ | noun | nominative · plural · masculine | the Pāṇḍavas |
Scholarly Commentary
Advaita Vedānta (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya): This verse signifies the Pāṇḍavas' adherence to dharma, symbolizing the aspirant's adherence to the path of self-realization. Shankara's commentary on the Bhagavad Gītā, which is part of the Mahābhārata, emphasizes the non-dual nature of reality. In his introduction to the Gītā, Shankara discusses the concept of nishtha, or steadfast devotion, which the Pāṇḍavas exemplify by standing in the field of righteousness. This verse points to the brahman-ātman identity, as the Pāṇḍavas' commitment to dharma reflects the individual self's (ātman) inherent connection to the ultimate reality (brahman). Through their actions, the Pāṇḍavas embody the teachings of the Upaniṣads, which Shankara interprets as affirming the non-dual nature of existence. By standing in the field of righteousness, the Pāṇḍavas demonstrate their understanding of the ultimate reality, which is beyond the dualities of the mundane world.
Vaiṣṇava tradition (Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya): This verse highlights the Pāṇḍavas' reliance on divine guidance, underscoring the importance of surrender to a higher power. Rāmānujācārya, in his commentary on the Bhagavad Gītā, emphasizes the concept of prapatti, or self-surrender, which the Pāṇḍavas exemplify by seeking guidance. The relationship between the jīva (individual self) and Īśvara (the Lord) is one of dependence, where the jīva seeks refuge in Īśvara. The Pāṇḍavas' stance in the field of righteousness, having heard the words of Krishna, illustrates their acceptance of this relationship. Madhvācārya, on the other hand, would interpret this verse as demonstrating the Pāṇḍavas' bhakti, or devotion, which is rooted in their recognition of Krishna's divine authority. Through their devotion, the Pāṇḍavas embody the ideal of self-surrender, which is central to the Vaiṣṇava tradition.
Neo-Vedānta (Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan): This verse offers a powerful message for contemporary life, emphasizing the importance of standing by one's principles and values. Swami Vivekānanda, in his lectures on the Bhagavad Gītā, highlights the need for individuals to cultivate a strong sense of purpose and righteousness. The Pāṇḍavas' stance in the field of Kurukṣetra serves as a metaphor for the individual's commitment to their own values and principles. S. Rādhākrishnan, in his writings on the Mahābhārata, notes that this verse underscores the universal significance of dharma, which transcends individual interests and desires. In modern times, this verse can be seen as a call to action, encouraging individuals to stand up for what is right and just, even in the face of adversity. By embracing the principles of dharma, individuals can cultivate a sense of purpose and direction, leading to a more fulfilling and meaningful life.