na tasya kāryeṇa yatate yad asti

tasya (of him) na (not) yatate (strives) kāryeṇa (with action) yad (what) asti (is)

Advaita Vedānta (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya): The verse 'na tasya kāryeṇa yatate yad-asti' is pivotal in understanding the non-dual nature of reality. According to Shankara, this verse indicates that the ultimate reality, Brahman, does not strive or exert itself through actions for something that already exists. This aligns with his commentary on the Kaṭhopaniṣad where he emphasizes the identity of the individual self (ātman) with the universal self (Brahman). Shankara argues that when the individual understands this identity, they transcend the cycle of action and its consequences, recognizing that all existence is an expression of Brahman. This verse, therefore, points to the inefficacy of worldly actions in achieving what is already inherent - the state of being one with Brahman. Through this understanding, one realizes that liberation is not something to be achieved through action but is the natural state of being when ignorance is dispelled.

Vaiṣṇava tradition (Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya): In the Vaiṣṇava interpretation, this verse is seen as an expression of the relationship between the individual soul (jīva) and the Supreme Lord (Īśvara). Rāmānujācārya, in his commentary, might view this verse as highlighting the dependency of the jīva on Īśvara for ultimate realization. The jīva's efforts (kāryeṇa) are not directed towards achieving what already exists (yad-asti), which could be interpreted as the inherent divine presence within every being. Instead, the focus should be on devotion and surrender to Īśvara, recognizing that true existence and liberation are gifts from the divine. This perspective emphasizes the path of devotion (bhakti) as the means to understand and realize one's true nature and relationship with the divine, rather than solely relying on the performance of actions (karma) for self-realization.

Neo-Vedānta (Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan): This verse, in the context of Neo-Vedānta, is seen as a call to understand the futility of external actions in achieving inner peace and liberation. Swami Vivekānanda, in his lectures and writings, often emphasized the importance of looking inward for true fulfillment. The phrase 'na tasya kāryeṇa yatate yad-asti' can be interpreted as a reminder that true existence and happiness are not something to be gained through external means but are inherent to our being. This understanding resonates with Vivekānanda's teaching on the four yogas, particularly Jnana Yoga, which involves the pursuit of knowledge and understanding of one's true self. In contemporary life, this verse can be applied by recognizing that true fulfillment and happiness come from within, encouraging individuals to embrace a path of self-discovery and inner transformation rather than constantly seeking external sources of happiness.

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