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Major Upaniṣads · 5.49
सर्वाणि भूतानि त्वेव सृष्ट्वा प्राणयसि । सर्वस्य भूतस्य हि तन्नाम कृतं प्रभोः ।

sarvāṇi bhūtāni tveva sṛṣṭvā prāṇayasi । sarvasya bhūtasya hi tannaama kṛtaṃ prabhoḥ ।

You indeed create all beings and give them life, for the name of the creator is inherent in every being.

Structure

Padaccheda — word separation

sarvāṇi - bhūtāni - tveva - sṛṣṭvā - prāṇayasi - sarvasya - bhūtasya - hi - tat - nāma - kṛtaṃ - prabhoḥ

Anvaya — prose reordering

prabhoḥ (of the Lord) hi (certainly) sarvasya (of all) bhūtasya (beings) tat (that) nāma (name) kṛtaṃ (is made) tveva (you alone) sarvāṇi (all) bhūtāni (beings) sṛṣṭvā (having created) prāṇayasi (give life)

Word-by-Word Grammar

WordIASTTypeGrammarMeaning
sarvāṇisarvāṇinounaccusative · plural · neuterall beings
bhūtānibhūtāninounaccusative · plural · neuterbeings
tvevatvevaparticleindeed you
sṛṣṭvāsṛṣṭvāindeclinablehaving created
prāṇayasiprāṇayasiverb√prāṇ · laṭ-present · secondyou breathe life into
sarvasyasarvasyanoungenitive · singular · masculineof all
bhūtasyabhūtasyanoungenitive · singular · masculineof a being
hihiparticlefor
tattatpronounnominative · singular · neuterthat
nāmanāmanounnominative · singular · neutername
kṛtaṃkṛtaṃverb√kṛ · kṛta-past participlemade
prabhoḥprabhoḥnoungenitive · singular · masculineof the lord

Scholarly Commentary

Advaita Vedānta(Ādi Śaṅkarācārya)

Advaita Vedānta (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya): This verse underscores the non-dual nature of reality, where the ultimate reality, Brahman, is both the creator and the created. Shankara's commentary on the Taittiriya Upanishad (2.1.1) highlights the idea that the creator's name is inherent in every being, signifying the omnipresence of Brahman. The phrase 'tveva sṛṣṭvā prāṇayasi' (you indeed create and give life) suggests that the creating and sustaining power is an inherent aspect of the ultimate reality, which is beyond human comprehension. This verse points to the Brahman-ātman identity, where the individual self (ātman) is ultimately one with the universal self (Brahman). Shankara's reasoning emphasizes that the world is not separate from Brahman but an expression of it, reinforcing the concept of non-duality.

Vaiṣṇava Tradition(Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya)

Vaiṣṇava tradition (Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya): In the Vaiṣṇava tradition, this verse is seen as an affirmation of the relationship between the jīva (individual soul) and Īśvara (the Lord). Rāmānujācārya, in his commentary on the Brahma Sutras, highlights the idea that the Lord's name is inherent in every being, signifying the inextricable link between the creator and the created. The phrase 'sarvāṇi bhūtāni tveva sṛṣṭvā prāṇayasi' (you indeed create all beings and give them life) emphasizes the dependence of the jīva on Īśvara for its very existence. This verse underscores the devotional aspect of Vaiṣṇava philosophy, where the jīva seeks to realize its inherent connection with Īśvara, recognizing the Lord as the ultimate source of creation and sustenance. According to Rāmānujācārya, this realization leads to a deeper understanding of the relationship between the individual and the divine.

Neo-Vedānta(Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan)

Neo-Vedānta (Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan): This verse has profound implications for contemporary life, as it underscores the interconnectedness of all beings. Swami Vivekānanda, in his lectures on the Upanishads, emphasizes the concept of oneness, highlighting that the creator's name is inherent in every being. This idea resonates with the modern concept of universal brotherhood, where every individual is seen as an expression of the ultimate reality. The phrase 'sarvasya bhūtasya hi tannaama kṛtaṃ prabhoḥ' (the name of the creator is inherent in every being) suggests that every being has a spark of the divine within it. According to Rādhākrishnan, this realization can lead to a more compassionate and harmonious world, where individuals recognize their shared humanity and the inherent value of every being. This verse, therefore, offers a powerful message of unity and cooperation, relevant to the challenges of modern life.

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