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Mahābhārata · 1.469
ततः श्वेतेभ्यो वृषभेभ्यः सहस्रशः प्रभवत्

Tataḥ śvetebhyo vṛṣabhebhyaḥ sahasraśaḥ prabhavat

Then from the thousand white bulls, He, the Lord, was born.

TTS

Structure

Padaccheda — word separation

Tataḥ śvetebhyo vṛṣabhebhyaḥ sahasraśaḥ prabhavat

Anvaya — prose reordering

Śvetebhyo (white ones) vṛṣabhebhyaḥ (to the bulls) sahasraśaḥ (in thousands) tataḥ (then) prabhavat (emanated)

Word-by-Word Grammar

WordIASTTypeGrammarMeaning
TataḥTataḥindeclinablethen, thereafter
śvetebhyośvetebhyonoundative/ablative · plural · masculineto/from the white ones
vṛṣabhebhyaḥvṛṣabhebhyaḥnoundative/ablative · plural · masculineto/from the bulls
sahasraśaḥsahasraśaḥindeclinableby thousands
prabhavatprabhavatverb√bhav · laṭ-present · thirdis produced, arises

Scholarly Commentary

Advaita Vedānta(Ādi Śaṅkarācārya)

Advaita Vedānta (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya): This verse, 'Tataḥ śvetebhyo vṛṣabhebhyaḥ sahasraśaḥ prabhavat', highlights the non-dual nature of reality. Śaṅkarācārya's commentary on the Brahmasūtras emphasizes the identity of Brahman and Ātman. In the context of this verse, the 'thousand white bulls' can be seen as a metaphor for the multiplicity of the phenomenal world, emerging from the unified, unchanging Brahman. The Lord's birth from these bulls symbolizes the ultimate reality manifesting through various forms, yet remaining untouched by them. This interpretation is in line with Śaṅkarācārya's reasoning in his commentary on the Taittirīya Upaniṣad, where he explains that the Absolute is the essence of all existence, and the world is merely an appearance of this essence. Thus, this verse points to the Brahman-Ātman identity, underscoring the non-dual nature of existence.

Vaiṣṇava Tradition(Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya)

Vaiṣṇava tradition (Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya): The Vaiṣṇava tradition views this verse through the lens of bhakti, emphasizing the loving relationship between the jīva (individual soul) and Īśvara (the Lord). According to Rāmānujācārya, the 'thousand white bulls' can be seen as symbols of pure devotion, and the Lord's emergence from them signifies His gracious descent into the world of multiplicity to redeem the devotees. This interpretation is in line with Rāmānujācārya's concept of 'śeṣa-śeṣi-bhāva', where the jīva is the servant and Īśvara is the master, and their relationship is one of loving dependence. Madhvācārya, on the other hand, might interpret the verse as highlighting the Lord's independence and sovereignty, with the 'thousand white bulls' representing the various aspects of His creation, all of which are under His control. Both perspectives emphasize the devotional reading of the verse, focusing on the relationship between the individual and the Divine.

Neo-Vedānta(Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan)

Neo-Vedānta (Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan): Swami Vivekānanda and S. Rādhākrishnan, key figures of Neo-Vedānta, would likely interpret this verse in a universal and practical light. They might see the 'thousand white bulls' as representing the vast potential of human consciousness, with the Lord's emergence signifying the realization of one's true, divine nature. This interpretation is in line with Vivekānanda's emphasis on the potential for human growth and self-realization, as expressed in his lectures on 'Rāja Yoga'. Rādhākrishnan, meanwhile, might focus on the symbolic significance of the 'white bulls', representing the purity and innocence of the human heart, and the Lord's birth as the awakening of this inner purity. Both thinkers would likely connect this verse to contemporary life, encouraging individuals to realize their inner potential and strive for spiritual growth, thus making the verse relevant to modern society and personal development.

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