tataḥ śvetebhyaḥ plavaṅgamebhyaḥ sagaraḥ paryavartata nāma rājā

sagaraḥ rājā tataḥ śvetebhyaḥ plavaṅgamebhyaḥ nāma paryavartata

Advaita Vedānta (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya): This verse, on the surface, describes King Sagar's interaction with white monkeys. However, from a non-dual perspective, it can be seen as an allegory for the individual self (jīva) turning towards the ultimate reality (brahman). Śaṅkarācārya, in his commentary on the Brahmasūtras, emphasizes the importance of recognizing the identity between brahman and ātman. In this context, Sagar's turn towards the white monkeys can be viewed as a symbol of the jīva's journey towards self-realization, where it recognizes its true nature as pure consciousness, unencumbered by the fleeting external world. The white monkeys, representing purity and liberation, signify the ultimate goal of the spiritual seeker. This interpretation aligns with Śaṅkarācārya's reasoning in his commentary on the Taittirīya Upaniṣad, where he discusses the process of self-inquiry leading to the realization of the brahman-ātman identity. By turning towards the white monkeys, King Sagar embodies the seeker's journey towards this profound understanding, highlighting the universal quest for liberation that underlies all spiritual endeavors.

Vaiṣṇava tradition (Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya): In the Vaiṣṇava tradition, this verse can be seen as an illustration of the devotee's (bhakta) relationship with the divine (īśvara). King Sagar's action of turning towards the white monkeys can be interpreted as a symbol of the devotee's dedication and devotion to the Lord. The white monkeys, representing purity and innocence, signify the ideal qualities that a devotee should emulate in their spiritual journey. Rāmānujācārya, in his commentary on the Bhagavad Gītā, emphasizes the importance of bhakti (devotion) as a means to attain liberation. In this context, Sagar's turn towards the monkeys can be viewed as an expression of his devotion to the divine, recognizing the divine presence in all beings. This reading is in line with Rāmānujācārya's position on the relationship between the jīva and īśvara, where the jīva's ultimate goal is to attain liberation through devotion and self-surrender to the Lord.

Neo-Vedānta (Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan): From a modern perspective, this verse can be seen as a call to action, encouraging individuals to turn towards their inner selves and recognize their true nature. Swami Vivekānanda, in his lectures on the Bhagavad Gītā, emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and introspection in achieving spiritual growth. King Sagar's turn towards the white monkeys can be viewed as a symbol of this inner journey, where the individual seeks to understand their own nature and purpose. S. Radhakrishnan, in his writings on the Upaniṣads, highlights the universal and practical application of these ancient texts, emphasizing the importance of recognizing the divine in all beings. In this context, Sagar's action can be seen as a reminder to cultivate compassion, empathy, and understanding towards all living beings, recognizing our shared humanity and the interconnectedness of all existence. This reading aligns with Vivekānanda's emphasis on the practical application of spiritual principles in everyday life, encouraging individuals to embody the values of self-awareness, compassion, and service to others.

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