tataḥ prādurbabhūva rāghvāya namas tribhiḥ
“Then to Raghu's descendant ( Rama ) with (bow) three (times) salutations appeared.”
Structure
tataḥ prādurbabhūva rāghvāya namas tribhiḥ
tataḥ tribhiḥ rāghvāya namas prādurbabhūva
Word-by-Word Grammar
| Word | IAST | Type | Grammar | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| tataḥ | tataḥ | indeclinable | — | then, thereafter |
| prādurbabhūva | prādurbabhūva | verb | √bhū · past · third | appeared, manifested |
| rāghvāya | rāghvāya | noun | dative · singular · masculine | to Raghu |
| nāma | nāma | noun | nominative · singular · neuter | name |
| tribhiḥ | tribhiḥ | noun | instrumental · plural · masculine | by three |
Scholarly Commentary
Advaita Vedānta (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya): This verse, tataḥ prādurbabhūva rāghvāya namas tribhiḥ, signifies the appearance of the ultimate reality, Brahman, in the form of Rāma, to whom triple obeisance is offered. According to Śaṅkarācārya, the triple obeisance symbolizes the surrender of the threefold aspects of the individual self (body, mind, and intellect) to the ultimate reality. This surrender is a crucial step in realizing the non-dual identity of Brahman and ātman. Śaṅkarācārya's commentary on the Brahma Sūtra (1.1.1) emphasizes that the ultimate reality is beyond human comprehension and can only be grasped through self-inquiry and devotion. This verse highlights the importance of devotion as a means to attain self-realization, where the individual self merges with the ultimate reality, exemplifying the Advaita principle of brahman-ātman identity.
Vaiṣṇava tradition (Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya): In this verse, the triple obeisance offered to Rāma represents the devotion of the jīva (individual self) to Īśvara (the supreme Lord). According to Rāmānujācārya, this verse exemplifies the Visiṣṭādvaita philosophy, which emphasizes the real distinction between the individual self and the supreme Lord, while also highlighting their inseparable relationship. Rāmānujācārya's Śrī Bhāṣya (1.1.1) explains that the individual self, though distinct from the supreme Lord, is intimately connected with Him and can attain liberation through devotion and self-surrender. This verse illustrates the Vaiṣṇava concept of prapatti, or self-surrender, where the individual self submits to the will of the supreme Lord, acknowledging His sovereignty and grace.
Neo-Vedānta (Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan): This verse, tataḥ prādurbabhūva rāghvāya namas tribhiḥ, holds profound significance in modern times, as it underscores the importance of reverence, humility, and self-awareness. According to Swami Vivekānanda, the triple obeisance represents the integration of the individual's physical, mental, and spiritual aspects, which is essential for achieving inner harmony and balance. In his lecture 'The Powers of the Mind' (Complete Works, Vol. 4), Vivekānanda emphasizes the need for self-control, self-awareness, and devotion to realize one's true potential. This verse serves as a reminder of the universal values of respect, gratitude, and self-discipline, which are essential for personal growth, social harmony, and global understanding. By embracing these values, individuals can transcend their limitations and attain a higher state of consciousness, leading to a more fulfilling and meaningful life.