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Ṛgveda · 1.167
अयं सुचन्द्रा म उदीयतु । अथोरु पश्य मम देवरात् ॥

Ayaṃ sucandrā mā udīyatu . Athoru paśya mama deverāt.

May this beautiful moon rise for me, and now, my brother-in-law, see my (auspicious) sight.

Structure

Padaccheda — word separation

Ayaṃ sucandrā mā udīyatu Athoru paśya mama deverāt

Anvaya — prose reordering

Mā sucandrā ayaṃ udīyatu mama deverāt paśya atho rūpā

Word-by-Word Grammar

WordIASTTypeGrammarMeaning
Ayaṃayaṃpronounnominative · singular · masculinethis
sucandrāsucandrāadjectivebeautiful moon-like
indeclinablenot
udīyatuudīyatuverb√udī · optative · thirdmay rise
Athoruathorunounaccusative · singular · masculineat dawn
paśyapaśyaverb√paś · imperative · secondsee
mamamamapronoungenitive · singular · masculinemy
deverātdeverātnounablative · singular · masculinefrom the husband

Scholarly Commentary

Advaita Vedānta(Ādi Śaṅkarācārya)

Advaita Vedānta (Ādi Śaṅkarācārya): This verse, Ayaṃ sucandrā mā udīyatu, when interpreted through the lens of non-duality, points to the ultimate reality, Brahman. According to Shankara, the beautiful moon symbolizes the Ātman, which is eternally shining but veiled by ignorance. The phrase 'May this beautiful moon rise for me' signifies the seeker's longing for Self-realization. Shankara's commentary on the Taittiriya Upanishad, where he discusses the mahavakyas (great sayings), including 'Tat tvam asi' (That thou art), aligns with this understanding. The verse Athoru paśya mama deverāt, or 'and now, my brother-in-law, see my (auspicious) sight,' can be seen as an invitation to behold the Self, transcending all relationships and dualities, thus affirming the brahman-ātman identity. Through this verse, the Vedic seer experiences the universe as an expression of the Self, illustrating Shankara's emphasis on the unity of all existence.

Vaiṣṇava Tradition(Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya)

Vaiṣṇava tradition (Rāmānujācārya / Madhvācārya): In the Vaiṣṇava tradition, this verse is interpreted with a strong emphasis on devotion and the personal relationship between the jīva (individual soul) and Īśvara (the Lord). Rāmānujācārya would likely view the beautiful moon as a symbol of the Lord's grace, which illuminates the path for the devotee. The phrase 'May this beautiful moon rise for me' expresses the devotee's yearning for divine grace, underscoring the dependency of the jīva on Īśvara for liberation. The second part of the verse, 'and now, my brother-in-law, see my (auspicious) sight,' could be seen as the devotee's boast of having received the Lord's favor, which is considered the ultimate auspicious sign. This interpretation is in line with Rāmānuja's Vishishtadvaita philosophy, where the individual self realizes its inherent dependence on and inseparability from the Supreme Being, yet maintains its distinctness.

Neo-Vedānta(Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan)

Neo-Vedānta (Swami Vivekānanda / S. Rādhākrishnan): Swami Vivekananda, a key figure in Neo-Vedānta, would interpret this verse in the context of its universal and practical applications. The 'beautiful moon' rising could symbolize the awakening of the inner consciousness, a theme Vivekananda often discussed in his lectures on Practical Vedanta. He would likely emphasize that the longing for this awakening is universal, crossing all boundaries of relationships and social norms, as hinted by the reference to 'my brother-in-law.' The call to 'see my (auspicious) sight' can be understood as an invitation to experience this inner illumination, which is not merely a personal achievement but a shared human potential. This aligns with Vivekananda's message of the inherent divinity of every being and the necessity of realizing this divinity for individual and societal upliftment. In contemporary life, this verse reminds us of the importance of seeking and sharing enlightenment, fostering a sense of global community and spiritual aspiration.

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